Are multi-line strings allowed in JSON?

No, JSON does not support raw, unescaped multi-line strings as you might see in some programming languages. However, you can include newlines in a JSON string by using the \n escape sequence (or other valid escape sequences, such as \r\n). Below is how it works and why JSON strings behave this way.

Why JSON Doesn’t Have Raw Multi-Line Strings

According to the official JSON specification (ECMA-404), every string must be wrapped in double quotes ("), and special characters (including newline characters) must be escaped. There is no syntax in standard JSON to open a string and simply continue onto a new line without escaping it.

Example of a “Multi-Line” String Using \n

{
  "message": "Hello,\nThis is a multi-line message.\nIt uses \\n to add new lines."
}

When interpreted, most JSON parsers will handle \n as an actual newline character in the resulting string.

Output in actual use:

Hello,
This is a multi-line message.
It uses \n to add new lines.

Common Workarounds

1. Escape Newline Characters
   As shown above, insert \n wherever you want the text to appear on a new line.

2. Concatenate Strings
   In some contexts, you might split the string across multiple lines in your source code but still have them joined into one JSON string at runtime:

   const message = "Hello," +
       "\nThis is a multi-line message." +
       "\nHope it helps!";

   Note: Once converted to JSON, this becomes a single-quoted string with \n inside.

3. Use a JSON Superset
   If you need raw multi-line strings in a file, you might use a superset like JSON5 or JSONC, which can strip comments or support trailing commas. But remember, these are not official JSON specifications.

Best Practices

• Stick to the Standard: For maximum compatibility, always use escaped newlines rather than any “trick” that might break strict JSON parsers.
• Validate Your JSON: Validate early and often, especially if multiple services parse or consume your JSON. Invalid JSON can cause silent or confusing failures.
• Document Your Format: If collaborating with others, clarify how to handle newlines or large text blocks. This helps avoid unexpected behaviors when parsing.

Master JSON and JavaScript Fundamentals

If you often work with JSON, honing your JavaScript skills is immensely helpful. For a comprehensive dive into JavaScript essentials (including JSON handling), check out Grokking JavaScript Fundamentals by DesignGurus.io. You’ll learn:

• Key JS syntax and concepts
• How JavaScript objects map to JSON
• Modern best practices for web and backend development

Final Thoughts

Although JSON doesn’t natively allow raw multi-line strings, the simple workaround is using escaped newline characters. This standard keeps JSON consistent, lightweight, and universally parseable. By following the best practices above, you can ensure that your multi-line content remains valid and easy to work with—whether you’re storing config files, sending data via APIs, or debugging logs.

Stay productive and keep your data well-structured with JSON’s straightforward, escape-based approach to multi-line text. And if you’re ready to deepen your knowledge of JavaScript (the language behind JSON), don’t miss Grokking JavaScript Fundamentals to polish your skillset further.