JavaScript - Math

JavaScript From Beginner To Advanced

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JavaScript - Math

The Math object in JavaScript provides a collection of properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions. Unlike other global objects, Math is not a constructor. All its properties and methods are static, meaning you access them using the Math prefix, not by creating a Math object instance. This object is extremely useful for performing mathematical tasks, ranging from basic arithmetic operations to complex calculations.

Syntax

Since Math is a static object, you use it directly without instantiation:

let result = Math.methodName(parameters);

methodName represents the Math method you wish to use.
parameters are the arguments that the method accepts.

Properties

The Math object includes properties for mathematical constants:

Property	Description
`Math.E`	Euler's constant and the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.718.
`Math.LN2`	Natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693.
`Math.LN10`	Natural logarithm of 10, approximately 2.303.
`Math.LOG2E`	Base 2 logarithm of E, approximately 1.443.
`Math.LOG10E`	Base 10 logarithm of E, approximately 0.434.
`Math.PI`	Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, approximately 3.14159.
`Math.SQRT1_2`	Square root of 1/2, approximately 0.707.
`Math.SQRT2`	Square root of 2, approximately 1.414.

Methods

Math object methods for performing various mathematical operations:

Method	Description
`Math.abs(x)`	Returns the absolute value of x.
`Math.acos(x)`	Returns the arccosine of x, in radians.
`Math.asin(x)`	Returns the arcsine of x, in radians.
`Math.atan(x)`	Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians.
`Math.atan2(y, x)`	Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.
`Math.ceil(x)`	Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
`Math.cos(x)`	Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians).
`Math.exp(x)`	Returns E<sup>x</sup>, where x is the argument, and E is Euler's constant (2.718...), the base of the natural logarithms.
`Math.floor(x)`	Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.
`Math.log(x)`	Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x.
`Math.max(x, y, z, ...)`	Returns the number with the highest value.
`Math.min(x, y, z, ...)`	Returns the number with the lowest value.
`Math.pow(x, y)`	Returns the value of x to the power of y.
`Math.random()`	Returns a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
`Math.round(x)`	Rounds x to the nearest integer.
`Math.sin(x)`	Returns the sine of x (x is in radians).
`Math.sqrt(x)`	Returns the square root of x.
`Math.tan(x)`	Returns the tangent of an angle.

Examples

Example 1: Calculating the Area of a Circle

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This calculates the area of a circle using Math.PI and Math.pow() for the radius squared.

Example 2: Generating a Random Number

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Generates a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

Example 3: Finding the Maximum and Minimum in a List of Numbers

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Finds the largest and smallest numbers in a list using Math.max() and Math.min().

Example 4: Rounding a Number

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Rounds a number to the nearest integer using Math.round().

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