Database Fundamentals

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Question 1
What is the primary goal of fault tolerance in a distributed database?
A
To optimize query execution time
B
To ensure the system continues to operate despite hardware or software failures
C
To reduce data redundancy across nodes
D
To minimize network latency
Question 2
What is the purpose of a checkpoint in database recovery?
A
To save the current state of the database for faster recovery
B
To delete outdated data from the database
C
To replicate data across distributed nodes
D
To detect and resolve deadlocks
Question 3
What is the main benefit of write-ahead logging (WAL)?
A
It ensures that uncommitted changes are immediately applied to the database
B
It allows recovery by replaying logs after a system failure
C
It reduces redundancy in distributed systems
D
It minimizes disk I/O operations during write transactions
Question 4
What does "redo" logging accomplish during recovery?
A
It reverses uncommitted transactions to restore a consistent state
B
It validates transaction integrity before committing
C
It removes corrupted logs from the database
D
It re-applies committed changes to the database during recovery
Question 5
What is the role of failover in a highly available system?
A
To replicate data across nodes in real time
B
To optimize query performance on the primary node
C
To automatically redirect operations to a backup node when a primary node fails
D
To manage concurrent transactions
Question 6
Which technique ensures that all changes are logged before being applied to the database?
A
Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)
B
Checkpointing
C
Data Mirroring
D
Coordinated Recovery

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